Krofta Engineering LTD Products
Dissolved Air Floatation
Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) is a physio-chemical process of solid and liquid separation. This technology was developed by Krofta. It is often used in the pre-treatment or primary stage of a waste water treatment plant to initiate suspended solids removal in the system. Krofta has also achieved success with using DAF as a secondary clarifier to reduce incontaminant
The system involves Krofta’s main DAF tank, Krofta Air Dissolving Tube (ADT), chemical dosing system, recirculation pump and an air compressor. DAFs can be constructed in fully metallic structures with any type of coating to meet client requirements. Further, we recommend civil tanks with metallic internal parts for very high flow rates.
The application of Dissolved Air Flotation is to separate solids from liquid, such as suspended solids, oils, fats and grease with the help of micro bubbles. These bubbles formed in the Krofta ADT attach themselves to light weight solid particles and rise to the surface of the DAF main tank. These solid particles then form a top layer of scum which are either scrapped by blades and removed from the top by a paddle wheel, in the case of our rectangular DAFs, or scooped out and removed by our scoop in the case of our circular DAFs.
The heavier Solid particles settle at the bottom of the main DAF tank and are periodically removed with the help of timer activated purge valves. The treated water passes through the middle and passes out from the outlet nozzle.
Krofta DAF systems are designed to handle high total suspended solids (TSS) and Fats Oils and Grease (FOG) loading. We can treat a range of water flow rates starting as low as 5 m3/hr going up to over 1000 m3/hr with a single DAF unit. This is also done with the help of flocculants and coagulants which are to be dosed as per the rate and quantity mentioned by our engineers for optimal results. We additionally also offer completely automated chemical dosing systems with agitators. Additionally, Krofta DAF’s do not need pipe flocculators since we use inline dosing methods, however, if the client specifically requires it, we do design and manufacture them as well.
The benefits of using our floatation unit with our ADT are:
- Entire process of air saturation takes only approximately 12 seconds
- Krofta ADT has a small footprint and easy O&M
- Micro bubbles lead to very high solids removal efficiency
- Other air systems may choke in the presence of TSS > 2000 mg/L, however, Krofta DAF systems give highly efficient solids removal at much higher TSS levels.
We offer 5 different DAF models, selection of which is based on the inlet parameters and application after being studied by our technical experts
Rectangular:
- Megacell – Krofta DAF unit with Lamella Plates,
- Unicell
Circular:
- Supercell,
- Minicell,
- Sedicell
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BELT FILTER PRESS (L SERIES)
The Belt Filter Press (BFP-L) is an industrial machine, used for solid/liquid separation processes, particularly the dewatering of sludge in various industries.
With technical collaboration between Krofta Engineering Limited and AJV Engineering Ky. Finalnd in 2007, it is a continuously operating double belt dewatering machine. The presses are designed for dewatering different kind of sludge by means of progressive compression between two permeable belts. Liquid sludge is conditioned by adding polymer to obtain the separation between liquid and solids. This operation is performed in an in-built flocculator tank with an agitator. Sludge flows from the flocculator to the distributor of the machine, where the sludge flows as an even mat to the gravity zone and then passes the low-pressure zone (also called “wedge” zone) before entering the high-pressure zone (also called “S” zone).
In the gravity zone, sludge drains the greatest part of free water. The belt is supported by series of bars, which improve the drainage by producing discontinuity and breaking the water surface tension. In the wedge zone, upper and lower belts gradually and slightly increase specific pressure applied to the sludge. The perforated rollers increase the pressure applied to the sludge.
In the high-pressure zone two belts form “S” configuration rounding these rollers. In this way the pressure directed to the sludge gradually increases and removes as much water as possible. Dewatered cake is finally discharged from the belt by two doctor blades. The belts are continuously cleaned under the washing manifold which has spraying nozzles.
Main Advantages
– Inbuilt flocculation tank with stirrer
– Low energy consumption
– Economical option as compared to centrifuge
– Popular Applications
– Pulp & Paper Sewage Treatment Plants & Municipalities Petrochemical Refinery Dairy Poultry and Slaughter house
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BELT FILTER PRESS (BFP-T)
The Krofta Triple Wire Belt Filter Press (BFP-T) is the first of its kind machine launched in India. It is a combo unit of a gravity drain table and a belt filter press. It bypasses the need for a traditional thickener and can accommodate low consistency sludge directly at the inlet, as low as 0.8%.
It is a continuously operating belt de-watering machine. The presses are sized for de-watering larger volumes of sludge even at low consistencies, first in the gravity zone followed by compression between two permeable belts. The belts are of an optimal mesh size to accommo¬date maximum drainage.
The liquid sludge is conditioned by adding a de¬watering polymer which is mixed with the sludge in the in-built flocculation tank with an agitator. The addition of polymer increases the ability of the sludge to be de-watered. There is a wash water requirement for the back wash nozzles which continuously clean the belts for most efficient performance. The drained water on filtrate is collected through a series of pipes in c tray at the bottom of the machine, this filtrate is of a high quality and can be used in the back wash nozzles or can be taken back to a previous step in an effluent treatment plant.
For primary sludge the BFP-T can easily achieve an outlet consistency of over 35%, and for biological sludge an outlet of consistency 20% it.
Advantages of BFP-T
- Inbuilt flocculation tank for polymer mixing to enhance de-watering efficiency
- Sludge outlet consistency over 35% for primary sludge and 20%’for biological sludge
- Efficient and high-quality Tiltrate collection system, can be re-used in belt wash nozzles
- 60% less power consumption as compared to a conventional centrifuge of a similar capacity, and less maintenance, hence lower OPEX
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Screw Press
Krofta Screw press is an economical and eco-friendly sludge dewatering machine. It is a new type of sludge extrusion dewatering equipment by using the principle of screw extrusion, through the strong squeezing force generated by the change of screw diameter and screw pitch, and the tiny gap between the floating ring and the fixed ring, to realize solid-liquid separation.
Typical applications for wastewater treatment plants include dewatering of thickened or un-thickened waste activated sludge (WAS), digested sludge from aerobic or anaerobic processes, and dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludges.
Krofta Screw Press is also suitable for dewatering of liquid sludges from a wide range of industries, including municipalities. For municipal /bio sludge applications, Krofta Screw Press typically produces dewatered sludge cake 20-25% dry solids content. It is a simple, slow-moving device that accomplishes dewatering by continuous gravitational drainage.
MAIN ADVANTAGES
- Small footprint and considerable energy saving
- Easy operation and maintenance
- Low investment as compared to belt filter presses, hence more economical for lower flow rates
- Popular Applications
- Pulp & Paper Municipal sewage treatment plants Backwash water treatment Chemical and Pharmaceutical Specific minerals applications Food and Beverage
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COMPLETE EFFLUENT TREATEMENT PLANT PULP AND PAPER
An effluent treatment plant (ETP) is essential in a paper mill for several important reasons:
Environmental Regulations: Paper mills generate a significant amount of wastewater during their production processes, which often contains pollutants such as organic compounds, suspended solids, chemicals, and potentially harmful substances. Environmental regulations and standards set by governmental authorities require industries, including paper mills, to treat their effluent before releasing it into the environment. An ETP helps the paper mill comply with these regulations and avoid fines or legal action.
Protection of Water Bodies: Untreated or inadequately treated effluent from paper mills can be harmful to water bodies like rivers, lakes, and groundwater. The pollutants in the wastewater can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, degrade water quality, and harm aquatic life.
An ETP removes or reduces these pollutants to a safe level before the effluent is discharged, thereby safeguarding the local environment.
– Community Health and Livelihood: The pollutants present in untreated effluent can pose health risks to communities living downstream from the paper mill. Access to clean water is vital for both human consumption and agricultural activities. By treating their wastewater, paper mills contribute to the well-being of nearby communities and protect the livelihoods of those dependent on clean water sources.
– Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Implementing an ETP is also an important aspect of a paper mill’s corporate social responsibility. Companies are expected to minimize their environmental impact and demonstrate a commitment to sustainable practices. Treating effluent responsibly showcases the company’s dedication to environmental stewardship and sustainable manufacturing.
– Resource Conservation: Some components of paper mill effluent, such as organic matter, can be reclaimed and reused through advanced treatment processes. This not only reduces the load on the environment but also allows the paper mill to conserve resources and potentially reduce operational costs.
– Process Optimization: Treating effluent can involve the recovery of valuable byproducts or energy. For instance, some treatment processes can generate biogas from organic waste, which can be utilized for energy generation within the mill. This can lead to cost savings and improved operational efficiency.
– Long-Term Viability: Implementing an ETP helps ensure the long-term viability of the paper mill’s operations. As environmental awareness and regulations continue to evolve, having effective wastewater treatment measures in place positions the mill for sustained success by preventing potential shutdowns or operational disruptions due to non-compliance.
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EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
Krofta Engineering Limited can provide complete electro mechanical Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) solutions for your industrial activities. Industrial waste water after being treated in an ETP will be within government approved guidelines to discharge the water safely or of such quality that it may be re-used in the process itself. Hence providing huge cost savings in the coming years.
Further, with the help of biological treatment such as anaerobic treatment to treat COD and BOD levels, the byproduct of biogas (methane) can be used to generate power, again providing certain cost savings. We further offer a range of biological treatments to offer further added benefits to the industrial application.
Main Advantages
- Anaerobic treatment such as UASB and CPU produce biogas which can be used to offset energy costs
- Water is treated to a level which can be re-used in the process, hence saving costs of procuring fresh water
- In paper mills a properly functioning UASB reactor will produce better quality and smell free paper, hence increasing sales
- A properly functioning ETP will ensure the health and safety of those living and working near the industrial site
Popular Applications
- Pulp & Paper
- Sugar and other Agro based products
- Automobiles
- Textiles
- Brewery
K3 and K3+ : Revolutionary Anaerobic Treatment Based on UASB Principles
Our K3 and K3+ technologies are based on the well-proven Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) principles, known for their high efficiency in treating wastewater with minimal operational costs. The core advantage of these systems lies in their ability to treat complex industrial wastewater streams while producing non-conventional energy in the form of biogas, which can be harnessed for various applications, reducing energy dependency.
Key Advantages
Reduced Power Consumption: Compared to conventional aerobic biological treatment systems, K3 and K3+ consume significantly less electricity, making them more cost-effective and energy-efficient.
Biogas Generation: By treating industrial wastewater anaerobically, both technologies generate biogas, contributing to sustainable energy practices while cutting operational expenses.
K3 Technology for TSS Content: The K3 system is designed to handle industrial wastewater with presence of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), making it ideal for industries with complex wastewater profiles.
K3+ Technology for Space Optimization: For industries requiring wastewater treatment solutions in areas where space is at a premium, K3+ offers a low-footprint design, making it the perfect choice for high-density industrial zones.
Odor Control in Kraft Paper Mills: A significant challenge in kraft paper mills is the unpleasant odor in the final product. Our K3 and K3+ technologies are tailored to minimize this, ensuring no smell to the final product without compromising on treatment efficacy
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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Krofta provides various solutions for sewage treatment plants (STP). We support EPC companies in providing competitive bids by quoting various products used widely in STPs
For the purpose of sewage treatment, we provide:
- Our DAF units as sludge thickeners
- Triple wire belt filter press and screw press for sludge de-watering
- Lamella clarifiers with scrapper mechanism
- Disc Filter for polishing after secondary clarifier
With the rapid rise of STPs being set up all over India, we are always happy to help our prestigious clients in any way we can ensuring their best chances of winning the bid.
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ULTRA FILTRATION (ZLD)
Krofta Engineering Limited offers Ultra Filtration (UF) plants as well. UF plants are used to eliminate total suspended solids, colour as well as other micro pollutants such as bacteria and virus and even turbidity. We can design, engineer and provide a complete packaged system for UF after our tertiary treatment.
ADVANTAGES
- Water treatment plants
- Pulp & paper
- Pre-treatment for Reverse Osmosis
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REVERSE OSMOSIS (ZLD)
Krofta also offers Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants. This is used to significantly reduce the total dissolved solids such as salts, minerals and organic molecules. RO has a reject water component as well which contains the contaminants, which is often disposed. We can design, engineer and provide a complete packaged RO system after the UF system.
ADVANTAGES
- Drinking water
- Desalination
- Industrial processes
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Multiple Effect evaporaotors (ZLD)
Krofta also offers Multiple Effect Evaporators (MEE) plants. This is used as a significant sustainable environmental footprint and smart water re-utilization
Benefits of MEE
- Wastewater treatment
- Material recovery
- Reduced waste volume
- Water re-use
- Compliance with Environmental Regulations
- Revitalizing Water
- Low Energy Consumption and Operating Cost
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